Introduction
The economy of Ganjam District in Odisha is a dynamic blend of agriculture, industry, fisheries, and handicrafts. Blessed with fertile soil, abundant natural resources, and a long coastline, Ganjam has emerged as one of the most economically privileged districts in the state. Agriculture remains the backbone of the district, employing nearly 75% of its workforce, while industries, fisheries, and handicrafts provide additional strength to its economic framework.
Agricultural Economy
Agriculture is not only the Traditional Occupation but also the way of life for the people of Ganjam. The district’s fertile soil supports a wide variety of crops such as paddy, groundnut, sugarcane, oilseeds, ragi, mung, and biri. Out of a gross cropped area of 718.80 hectares, 409.20 hectares are net sown, with additional wasteland being gradually brought under cultivation. Government initiatives, including farmer training programs and scientific methods of cultivation, have further boosted productivity.
The prosperity of agriculture in Ganjam has even surpassed industrial contributions in recent years. Besides serving domestic needs, agricultural produce also participates in export operations, strengthening the district’s economic standing.
Animal Husbandry
Animal husbandry plays a vital role in supplementing the agricultural economy. Many rural families depend on livestock rearing for their livelihood. Allied industries such as milk chilling plants, livestock aid centers, and insemination facilities have been established with government support. These not only provide employment but also enhance the rural economy by integrating animal husbandry with agriculture.
Industrial Economy
Industries in Ganjam thrive on the district’s rich natural resources. With a geographical area of 8,070 sq. km, Ganjam has 4,09,239 hectares of cultivated land and 2,664 sq. km of forest cover. Minerals such as limestone, soapstone, china clay, fireclay, graphite, granite, and quartz form the backbone of its industrial economy. Agro-based industries also benefit from the district’s agricultural output.
Fisheries and Marine Economy
Fisheries are another significant contributor to Ganjam’s economy. With a 60 km coastline, 26 fishing villages, and 14 landing centers, the district is rich in brackish and inland fisheries. Prawn culture is particularly prominent in blocks like Chatrapur, Ganjam, Khallikote, Rangeilunda, and Chikiti. The Chilika Lake coastline provides lime shells and marine products, while salt production has led to the establishment of industries such as Jayshree Chemicals. These industries produce 50,000–60,000 tons annually, offering substantial employment opportunities.
Industrial Estates
To stimulate industrial growth, three industrial estates have been established at Berhampur, Bhanjnagar, and Chatrapur under the Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha (IDCO). These estates provide infrastructure such as roads, drainage, water supply, and electricity. However, poor infrastructure and natural calamities like cyclones have hindered growth in Bhanjnagar and Chatrapur. Despite setbacks, chemical industries and automobile projects like the Autonagar Complex continue to contribute to the district’s economy.
Handicrafts and Cottage Industries
Handicrafts form an integral part of Ganjam’s economy, drawing international recognition. The Bomkai and Berhampuri Pata sarees are renowned for their intricate designs and contribute significantly to foreign exchange earnings. Other crafts include brass fish from Bellaguntha, appliqué work, stone and wood carvings, terracotta, pata chitras, and textile toys. These cottage industries not only sustain rural livelihoods but also enrich the mainstream economy.
Conclusion
The Economy of Ganjam District thrives on the collective contributions of agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, fisheries, and handicrafts. While agriculture remains the dominant force, industries and crafts provide diversification and resilience. Despite challenges such as poor infrastructure and natural calamities, Ganjam continues to progress socio-economically, embodying a balanced model of rural and industrial development.